Geology
Geology understands how landforms were created, have changed over time, and how they will evolve. Learn more about the geologic history of Earth and more.
Erosion, Weathering, and Soils
5 Soil Formation Factors: How Rocks Weather into Dirt
Soil formation is vital for food production and plant growth. Weathering is the process that breaks rock down into soils. Without it, soil wouldn’t exist.
Inside Earth
Inside Earth: The Crust, Mantle and Core
All planets have layers. Inside Earth, we have a crust, core and mantle. Imagine a team of drillers who set out to drill a hole to the other side of Earth.
Land Surface
What is Permafrost? Why It’s Like the Glue for Rock and Soil
Think of permafrost like glue. The ice is the glue in permafrost which holds the rocks, sand & soil. Like glue, permafrost doesn’t melt. Instead, it thaws.
Milestone Events
Mass Extinctions: The 5 Biggest Dying Events in History
Earth has witnessed 5 mass extinctions where life experienced an abrupt ending. Time and time again, nature has always found a way to reshuffle the deck.
Rocks and Minerals
How Was the Grand Canyon Formed?
Like a stack of pancakes, younger rock layers pile on top of older layers. We use the law of superposition to reveal Earth’s age and Grand Canyon geology.
Plate Tectonics
7 Major Tectonic Plates: The World’s Largest Plate Tectonics
From large to small, the 7 major tectonic plates include the Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Indo-Australian and South American plate.
Geologic Timeline
Earth Timeline: A Guide to Earth’s Geological History and Events [Infographic]
Since Earth’s creation, oceans, continents and life have emerged. From evolution to extinction, here are the geological events and history of Earth timeline
Volcanoes
3 Types of Volcanoes: Stratovolcano, Shield and Cinder Cone
The 3 types of volcanoes are stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and cinder cones. Based on their geography, volcanoes take different appearances.