Lahar: Flowing Mud at Volcanoes
“Lahar” is an Indonesian word for mudflow at volcanoes. Lahar flows down volcanoes as a mix of mostly water, mud and rock debris (similar to wet concrete).
Articles
Inside Earth: The Crust, Mantle and Core
All planets have layers. Inside Earth, we have a crust, core and mantle. Imagine a team of drillers who set out to drill a hole to the other side of Earth.
What is a Stratovolcano (Composite Cone)?
The stratovolcano is tall, steep & cone-shaped. Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes build up height by layering lava, ash and tephra on top of another.
3 Types of Faults: Normal, Reverse and Strike-Slip
The 3 types of faults are: normal, reverse and strike-slip. When two blocks slide horizontally, it’s strike-slip. If it moves vertically, it’s dip-slip.
What is Permafrost? Why It’s Like the Glue for Rock and Soil
Think of permafrost like glue. The ice is the glue in permafrost which holds the rocks, sand & soil. Like glue, permafrost doesn’t melt. Instead, it thaws.
What Causes Tsunamis? A Guide to How Tsunamis Form
Tsunamis are long, tall waves that can be disastrous to anything nearby. But what causes tsunamis? 80% start from earthquakes. And how do tsunamis form?
How Fast Does the Earth Spin? Earth vs The Engineered
How fast does the Earth spin? Earth spins at an incredible 1000 miles per hour (1600 km/hr). We compare the Earth’s spin to nature and engineered velocities
Pangea Ultima: Meet Earth’s Next Supercontinent
If you could fast-forward 250 million years in the future, you would witness all continents will assemble into one giant supercontinent called Pangea Ultima.
Moon Gravity: Your Weight on the Moon
The gravity of the moon is 1/6 of Earth. If you stepped on a scale on the moon, you could subtract 83.5%. So 100 kg in weight would be 16.5 kg on the moon.
Supermassive Black Holes: The Center of Galaxies [Infographic]
All galaxies have supermassive black holes at the center of it. These collapsed stars are a few times the mass of a sun which run out of fuel and explode.
What Are the 5 Koppen Climate Classification Types?
The Koppen climate classification catalogs Earth’s types of environments, which include tropical, dry, temperate, continental, and polar.
Taxonomic Classification: From Domain to Species
In biology, we categorize life by how similar organisms are with each other. Like a family tree, we find relationships by their classification of life.
What Are the 3 Domains of Life?
We categorize life into 3 domains of life: eukarya, archaea and bacteria. Domains classify life in the most general way such as the presence of a nucleus.
13 Parts of a Volcano: The Anatomy of Volcanoes
Today, we explore 13 parts of a volcano. From tephra, fumaroles, magma, lava domes, pyroclastic flow to volcanic bombs, this is the anatomy of volcanoes.
Solar Radiation: How Sunlight Heats the Planet
Our sun is 99% of the total mass of the solar system. It’s this energy from the sun’s thermonuclear reactions that heats the Earth from solar radiation.